Keywords
Zuider Sea
Delft3D modeling
tidal basins
basin area reduction
tidal asymmetry
How to Cite
Abstract
Large hydrodynamic and morphodynamic changes have taken place in the western Dutch Wadden Sea due to the closure of the Zuider Sea in the early 1930s. Hydrodynamic simulations for three situations, viz. just before the closure, just after the closure and at present, have been carried out in order to investigate the hydrodynamic changes since the closure and to improve our understanding of the observed morphodynamic changes. The model results show a large increase in tidal range after the closure of the Zuider Sea. This increase continued to grow after the closure due to bathymetric change and sea level rise. The morphodynamic analysis focuses on the changed behavior of the ebb-tidal deltas of the Texel Inlet and the Vlie Inlet. Both ebb-tidal deltas have undergone a re-orientation in up-drift direction. Two possible explanations based on the literature for this change are discussed with the help of the hydrodynamic simulations.References
Blok, M., Mol, J.W., 2001, Debietmeting Zeegat van Texel (in Dutch), Report 01.03, Rijkswaterstaat, Directie Noord-Holland, Informatiedienst Water, Ijmuiden.
Egbert, G.D., Bennett, A.F., Foreman, M.G.G., 1994. TOPEX/POSEIDON tides estimated using a Egbert, G.D., Erofeeva, S.Y., 2002. Efficient Inverse Modeling of Barotropic OceanTides. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 19, 183-204.http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0183:EIMOBO>2.0.CO;2">http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0183:EIMOBO>2.0.CO;2
global inverse model. Journal of Geophysical Research 99, C03005,doi:10.1029/2004JC002398.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002398">http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002398
Elias, E.P.L., Stive, M.J.F., Bonekamp, J.G., Cleveringa, J., 2003. Tidal inlet dynamics in response to human intervention. Coastal Engineering Journal, 45(4): 629-658.http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0578563403000932">http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0578563403000932
Elias, E.P.L., 2006, Morphodynamics of Texel Inlet, PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology.
Elias, E.P.L., Van der Spek, A.J.F., 2006. Long-term evolution of Texel Inlet and its ebb-tidal delta (The Netherlands). Marine Geology, 225: 5-21.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2005.09.008">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2005.09.008
Elias, E.P.L., Van der Spek, A.J.F., Wang, Z.B., De Ronde, J.G., 2012. Morphodynamic development and sediment budget of the Dutch Wadden Sea over the last century, Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, accepted.
Hayes, M. O. (1979). "Barrier Island morphology as a function of tidal and wave regime", Barrier
Islands: From the Gulf of St Lawerence to the Gulf of Mexico, S. P. Leatherman, ed., Academic Press, New York, 1-27.
Klok, B., Schalkers, K.M., 1980, De veranderingen in de Waddenzee ten gevolge van de afsluiting van de Zuider Zee (in Dutch), Report 78.H238. Rijkswaterstaat, The Hague.
Lorentz, H.A., 1926, Verslag Staatscommissie Zuiderzee 1918-1926 (in Dutch), Report, Rijkswaterstaat, The Hague.
Oertel, G. F. (1988). "Processes of sediment exchange between tidal inlets, ebb deltas and barrier islands", lecture notes on coastal and estuarine studies, Vol. 29; Hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics of tidal inlets, L.W. D.G. Aubrey and L. Weishar, eds., Springer-Verlag, New York.
Oost, A.P., Kleine Punte, P.A.H., (2004). Autonome morfologische ontwikkeling westelijke
Waddenzee. Report RIKZ/ 2004.021. Rijkswaterstaat, The Hague.
Rietveld, C.F.W., 1962, The natural development of the Wadden Sea after the closure of the Zuider
Sea, Proc. of the 8th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, Mexico City, 765-781.
Sha, L.P., 1989, Cyclic morphologic changes on the ebb-tidal delta, Texel Inlet, Wadden Sea, The Netherlands, Geologie en Mijnbouw, 68, 35-48.
Walton, T.L. and Adams, W.D., 1976, Capacity of inlet outer bars to store sand, Proc. of the 15th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, Honolulu, 303-325.