Keywords
offshore bar
sediment yield
vegetation
wave energy decay
How to Cite
Abstract
This study aimed to conceptually analyze the change in the magnitude of offshore sediment yield, wave energy, and offshore dislocation of sediment particles on coastal regions in the presence of coastal vegetation. This was achieved by comparing the simultaneous physical changes at coastal zones that were partly covered with vegetation while the remaining part had no vegetation. Series of experiments were conducted, and the interactions between the vegetation parameter, ratio of sediment yields, and offshore sediment dislocation distances were analyzed and determined to define the relationship between the parameters. The resultant empirical equations mostly followed a power relationship and fit the experimental data. The energy decay coefficient, reflecting the energy used in the presence of the vegetation, had strong protection ability and approached 80% energy decay as the vegetation parameter increased. The performance of natural vegetation cover was adequate, simulating a 50-80% decrease in offshore sediment yield, depending on the magnitude of the vegetation parameter.References
Augustin, L.N. Irish, J.L., and Lynett, P., 2009. Laboratory and numerical studies of wave damping by emergent and near-emergent wetland vegetation. Coastal Engineering, 56(3), 332-340.
Bagnold, R.A., 1963. Beach and nearshore processes part I: mechanics of marine sedimentation. In: Hill, M.N. (ed.), The Sea: Ideas and Observations, vol. 3. New York: Interscience, pp. 507-528.
Boudouresque, C.F., 2004. Marine biodiversity in the Mediterranean: status of species, populations and communities. Scientific Reports of Port-Cros National Park, 20, 97-146.
Camenen, B. and Larson, M., 2008. A general formula for noncohesive suspended sediment transport. Journal of Coastal Research, 24(3), 615-627.
Chang, Y.S. and Hanes, D.M., 2004. Suspended sediment and hydrodynamics above mildly sloped long wave ripples. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(C07002), 1-16.
Elginoz, N., Kabdasli, M.S., and Tanik, A., 2011. Effects of Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows on storm waves. In: Furmanczyk, K.; Giza, A., and Terefenko, P. (eds.), Proceedings, 11th International Coastal Symposium, Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 64, pp. 373-377.
Gacia, E. and Duarte, C.M., 2001. Sediment retention by a Mediterranean Posidonia oceanica meadow: the balance between deposition and resuspension. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 52(4), 505-514.
Goda, Y., 2006. Examination of the influence of several factors on longshore current computation with random waves. Coastal Engineering, 53(2-3), 157-170.
Grasso, F. Michallet, H.; Ceratain, R., and Barthelemy, E., 2009. Experimental simulation of sandbar dynamics. In: Pereira, C.S. (ed.), Proceedings, 10th International Coastal Symposium, Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 56, pp. 54-58.
Kobayashi, N. Raichlen, A.W., and Asano, T., 1993. Wave attenuation by vegetation. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 199(1), 30-48.
Le Bouteiller, C., and Venditti, J. G., 2014. Vegetation†driven morphodynamic adjustments of a sand bed. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(11), 3876-3883.
Lovas, S.M. and Torum, A., 2001. Effect of the kelp Laminaria hyperborea upon sand dune erosion and water particle velocities. Coastal Engineering, 44(1), 37- 63.
Luhar, M., Infantes, E., Orfila, A., Terrados, J., Nepf, H. M., 2013. Field observations of wave induced streaming through a submerged seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) meadow. Journal of Geophysical Research, Oceans, 118(4), 1955-1968.
Massel, S.R. Furukawa, K., and Brinkman, R.M., 1999. Surface wave propagation in mangrove forests. Fluid Dynamics Research, 24(4), 219-249.
Masselink, G., 2004. Formation and evolution of multiple intertidal bars on macrotidal beaches: application of a morphodynamic model. Coastal Engineering, 51(8), 713-730.
Mendez, F.J. and Losada, I.J., 2004. An empirical model to estimate the propagation of random breaking and nonbreaking waves over vegetation fields. Coastal Engineering, 51(2), 103-118.
Möller, I., Kudella, M., Rupprecht, F., Spencer, T., Paul, M., van Wesenbeeck, B.K., Wolters, G., Jensen, K., Bouma, T.J., Miranda-Lange, M. Schimmels, S., 2014. Wave attenuation over coastal salt marshes under storm surge conditions. Nature Geoscience, 7(10), 727-731.
Nepf, H.M. and Vivoni, E.R., 2000. Flow structure in depth-limited, vegetated flow. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(C12), 28547-28557.
Noarayanan, L. Muralı, K., and Sundar, V., 2012. Role of vegetation on beach run-up due to regular and cnoidal waves. Journal of Coastal Research, 28(1A), 123-130.
Riazi, A. and Turker, U., 2017. A Genetic Algorithm based search space splitting pattern and its application in hydraulic and coastal engineering problems. Journal of Neural Computing & Applications. Accepted for publication.
Silvester, R., and Hsu, J.R.C., 1997. Coastal Stabilization. In: Liu, F. and Philip, L., (eds.), Advance Series on Ocean Engineering, Vol. 14. Singapore: World Scientific Publication, pp. 1-560.
Turker, U. and Kabdasli, M.S., 2004. Average sediment dislocation analysis for barred profiles. Ocean Engineering, 31(14), 1741-1756.
Van Houwelingen, S. Masselink, G., and Bullard J., 2006. Characteristics and dynamics of multiple intertidal bars, north Lincolnshire, England. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 31(4), 428-443.
Yagci, O. Turker, U., and Kabdasli, M.S., 2011. Wave Damping and Retardence by Emergent Vegetation. In: GökçekuÅŸ, H.; Turker, U., and LaMoreaux, J.W. (eds.), Survival and Sustainability, Environmental Concerns in the 21th Century. New York: Springer, pp. 1313-1320.
Yen, B.C., 2002. Open channel flow resistance. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 128(1), 20-39.