Resumen
In this study, a two-layer landslide model is presented for investigating submarine landslides and generated waves that propagate over irregular bathymetry. The landslide is described as either a mudflow or a fully saturated granular flow, which are distinguished by using different rheological closure based on physical principles. Depth-averaged governing equations for the landslide are derived in a regular Cartesian coordinate system, and take into account the effect of vertical acceleration and interface traction from the upper-layer water. In addition, sediment erosion from basal boundary and water entrainment are also considered. Tsunami waves generated by the landslide are simulated by the three-dimensional non-hydrostatic wave model NHWAVE (Ma et al., 2012). The governing equations for both the lower-layer slide and the upper-layer water body are solved using a Godunov-type finite volume TVD scheme in space and a Strong Stability-Preserving (SSP) Runge- Kutta scheme in time.Referencias
Gray, J., and A. Edwards (2014), A depth-averaged ï(I)-rheology for shallow granular free-surface flows, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 755, 503-534.
Grilli, S. T., M. Shelby, O. Kimmoun, G. Dupont, D. Nicolsky, G. Ma, J. T. Kirby, and F. Shi (2017), Modeling coastal tsunami hazard from submarine mass failures: Effect of slide rheology, experimental validation, and case studies off the us east coast, Natural Hazards, 86(1), 353- 391.
Hungr, O., and McDougall, S. (2009). Two numerical models for landslide dynamic analysis. Computers and Geosciences, 35(5), 978-992.
Imran, J., G. Parker, J. Locat, and H. Lee (2001), 1D numerical model of muddy subaqueous and subaerial debris flows, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 127(11), 959-968.
Iverson, R. M., and D. L. George (2014), A depthaveraged debris-flow model that includes the effects of evolving dilatancy. I. Physical basis, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A, 470(20130819), 1-31.
Iverson, R. M., and C. Ouyang (2015), Entrainment of bed material by earth-surface mass flows: Review and reformulation of depth-integrated theory, Reviews of Geophysics, 53(1), 27-58.
Jiang, L., and P. H. LeBlond (1993), Numerical modeling of an underwater bingham plastic mudslide and the waves which it generates, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 98(C6), 10,303-10,317.
Savage, S. B., and K. Hutter (1989), The motion of a finite mass of granular material down a rough incline, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 199, 177-215.