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Abstract
On the New South Wales, Australian east coast there are several estuaries with similar characteristics. Disconcertingly, the construction of training walls and jetties (breakwaters) at four of the medium-to-large sized estuaries have tripped their associated channel and lake (bay) systems from a long-term shoaling mode into an unstable scouring mode (Nielsen and Gordon 1980, 2008, 2017; Couriel et al. 2013. Field data and hydraulic theory confirm that such estuary entrance works have increased the tidal conveyance of entrance channels by modifying channel cross-sections, removing sand bars, extraneous littoral currents and associated sand movements that, previously, impeded ebb tide discharges and ocean tide forcing (Nielsen and Gordon 2017; Escoffier 1940).References
Couriel, Young, Jayewardene, McPherson & Dooley (2013). Case Study: Assessment of the Entrance Stability of the Lake Illawarra Estuary, 21st Aust. Coastal & Ocean Eng. Conf., IEAust., Sydney, September, 6pp.
Escoffier (1940). The stability of tidal inlets, Shore & Beach, 8(4), pp114-115.
Nielsen & Gordon, (1980). Tidal inlet behavioural analysis, Proc. 17th Coastal Engineering Conference, ASCE, pp 2461-2480.
Nielsen & Gordon (2008). The hydraulic stability of some large NSW estuaries. Aust. Jnl. Civ. Eng., Vol 5 No.1, pp49-59.
Nielsen & Gordon (2017). Long Term Impacts of Jetties and Training Walls on Estuarine Hydraulics and Ecologies, in Coastal Wetlands: Alteration and Remediation, Finkl, Makowski Eds., Coastal Research Library, ISBN 978-3-319-56178-3, Springer International Publishing AG 2017, pp 317-356.
O’Brien, M.P. (1969). Equilibrium flow areas of inlets on sandy coasts, ASCE Proc. Journal of Waterways & Harbors Div., Vol. 95, No. WW1, pp 43-52.
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